Passenger Tax Calculations

Taxes

Table of Contents

Austrian Air Transport Levy

Austrian Air Transport Levy (ATL) is a departure tax charged on the carriage, from Austrian airports, of passengers on board aircraft with an authorized weight of more than 2,000 Kg (4,400 lbs).

Both commercial and non-commercial business aircraft operators are subject to this tax.

The amount due per passenger depends on the geographical distance of the destination country/territory from Austria.

Starting from 1 September 2020, passengers will be taxed the following rates:

• 30 € (GCD < 350km)

• 12 € (GCD > 350km)

If you carry out domestic flights in Austria and are liable to pay VAT for the transport of passengers, the effective tax rate will be slightly lower because VAT can be deducted from the air transport levy.

Under this scenario, the tax rates per passenger are:

• 26.55 € (GCD < 350km)

• 10.62 € (GCD > 350km)

There are also the following exemptions from the ATL due:

• children below the age of two

• animals

• crewmembers and maintenance personnel

• training flights

• departures following tech stops and unscheduled landings up to 24h. Departures after 24h are subject to ATL calculations

More information about the Austrian Air Tax Levy can be found here

Examples

Calculations based on PAX number

See screenshot on the right.

The MTOW of the aircraft is more than 2000kg (4400lbs).

The trip consists of 5 flights, 3 of which start in Austria.

In the simplified version of the calculations, we only consider the flights starting in Austria and looking at the destination band and the number of PAX flying. No actual PAX are assigned.

The calculation is as follow:

3 x €12 + 3 x €26.55 = €115.65

Explanation

• MTOW of an aircraft is more than 2000kg

• 3 PAX are flying internationally and the GCD is more than 350NM (GCD) - 3 x €12

• 3 PAX are flying domestically and the distance is less than 350NM (GCD) - 3 x €26,55

• Flight from LOWL to EPWA is a positioning leg (FERRY) therefore not included in the calculations

Calculations based on actual PAX

See screenshot on the right.

The MTOW of the aircraft is more than 2000kg (4400lbs).

The trip consists of 5 flights, 3 of which start in Austria.

PAX names are assigned to the flights.

The calculation is as follow:

3 x €26.55 = €79.65

Explanation

• MTOW of an aircraft is more than 2000kg

• the same PAX are assigned on both flights and the tax is calculated on the higher rate (domestic) - 3 x €26.55

• Flight from LOWL to EPWA is a positioning leg (FERRY) therefore not included in the calculations

Calculations based on actual PAX and 24h gap

See screenshot on the right.

The MTOW of the aircraft is more than 2000kg (4400lbs).

The trip consists of 5 flights, 3 of which start in Austria.

The calculation is as follow:

3 x €12 + 3 x €26.55 = €115.65

Explanation

• MTOW of an aircraft is more than 2000kg

• 3 PAX are flying internationally and the GCD is more than 350NM (GCD) - 3 x €12

• 3 PAX are flying domestically and the distance is less than 350NM (GCD) but also there is an over 24h gap between EPWA-LOBT and LOBT-LOWL. This is the reason why PAX on LOBT-LOWL are subject to taxation - 3 x €26,55

• Flight from LOWL to EPWA is a positioning leg (FERRY) therefore not included in the calculations

Calculations based on actual PAX including Animal

The MTOW of the aircraft is more than 2000kg (4400lbs).

The trip consists of 5 flights, 3 of which start in Austria.

PAX names are assigned to the flights. Domestic flight with an animal and 2PAX.

The calculation is as follow:

1 x €12 + 2 x €26.55 = €65.10

Explanation

• MTOW of an aircraft is more than 2000kg

• 2 PAX and 1 animal are flying domestically and the distance is less than 350NM (GCD) - 2 x €26,55

• 3 PAX are flying internationally, where 2 of the PAX are flying on the domestic flight and 1 PAX is not. The 1 PAX is included in the calculations and GCD is more than 350NM (GCD) - 1 x €12

• Flight from LOWL to EPWA is a positioning leg (FERRY) therefore not included in the calculations

Belgium Embarkation Tax

This is an additional tax available in the Requests/Quotes section.

The ‘Belgium Embarkation Tax’ is calculated for each passenger departing from Belgium airports, regardless of whether they are on commercial or non-commercial flights. The tax rate is determined by the distance from the most frequently visited Belgium airport (Brussels Airport BRU/EBBR) to their final destination, considering whether the destination is within or outside the European Economic Area (EEA), Switzerland, or the UK.

Rates

The following tax rates apply:

• €10 per passenger if their final destination is within a distance of less than 500 kilometers from BRU/EBBR (such as EHAM, EDDF, or London airports).

• 2 € per passenger if their final destination is located more than 500 km from BRU/EBBR and falls within the European Economic Area (EEA), the United Kingdom, or Switzerland.

• 4 € per passenger if their final destination lies beyond the borders of the European Economic Area (EEA), the United Kingdom, or Switzerland.

Exemptions

Several flight and passenger exemptions are currently in place. No tax applies for:

• Infants

• Active and repositioning flight crew

• Transit and transfer passengers

• Circular flights

• Diverted flights to any of Belgium’s airports due to bad weather, technical reasons, or any other reason for force majeure

• Military, customs, police, humanitarian, and emergency medical service flights

Example

Calculations based on PAX number

See the screenshot on the right.

The trip consisting of 3 flights starts in EBLG and finishes in LSZH.

In the simplified version of the calculations, we only consider the flights starting in Belgium and looking at the destination and the number of PAX flying. No actual PAX are assigned.

The calculation is as follow:

3 x €2.00 + 2 x €2.00 = €10.00

Explanation

• Rates for the Belgium-based airport of departure

• The airport of arrival for 3PAX is EPWA (inside EEA) and the airport of arrival for 2 PAX is LSZH (Switzerland)

Calculations based on actual PAX

See the screenshot on the right.

The trip consisting of 3 flights starts in EBLG and finishes in LSZH.

In the simplified version of the calculations, we only consider the flights starting in Belgium and looking at the destination and the PAX flying on each of the qualified flights.

The calculation is as follow:

3 x €10.00 + 2 x €2.00 = €34.00

Explanation

• Rates for the Belgium-based airport of departure

• The same PAX assigned on legs 1 and 2, different set of PAX assigned on leg 3

• The final destination airport for 3PAX is EBBR (less than 500km) and the airport of arrival for 2 PAX is LSZH (Switzerland)

Dutch Aviation Tax

Dutch Aviation Tax is levied on passengers departing from a Dutch airport on-board aircraft with a maximum take-off weight (MTOW) of more than 8.616 tonnes (18.995 lbs).

The current tax rate is 29.40 € per chargeable passenger (over 2 years old), regardless of the passenger’s final destination.

EXAMPLE

Below screenshot shows a trip AMS - MAD with 5 PAX - the fee is 26.43€ per 1 passenger, so the overall Dutch Tax fee is 132.15€.

French Civil Aviation Tax

French Civil Aviation Tax applies to all commercial flights departing from an airport situated on French territory (Metropolitan France, French overseas departments and collectivities).

The tax is per a passenger and its rate depends on the passenger’s final destination. The tax for flights to destinations in the European Economic Area (EEA - The EEA comprises all 27 EU Member States, as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway), United Kingdom and Switzerland is at 4.93€ and to all other destinations 8.87€.

EXAMPLE 1 - Trip to EEA country

Below screenshot shows a trip LBG - MAD with 5 PAX - the fee is 4.93€ per 1 passenger, so the overall French Tax fee is 24.65€.

EXAMPLE 2 - Trip to destination other than EEA, UK or Switzerland

Below screenshot shows a trip LBG - RAK with 5 PAX - the fee is 8.87€ per 1 passenger, so the overall French Tax fee is 44.35€.

French Noise Tax

French Noise Tax (Taxe sur les nuisances sonores aériennes, also referred to as TNSA) is levied on commercial and non-commercial aircraft taking off from any of the 9 busiest French airports. This applies to both passenger and cargo flights.

The amount of tax due per departure depends on:

• the tax rate applicable at the departure airport (ranging from € 0.50 to € 75.00),

• the aircraft’s maximum take-off weight (MTOW),

• its certified noise performance (as specified in the aircraft’s noise certificate),

• time of departure

Source used for this tax calculation - ecologie.gov.fr

French Noise Tax Rates

The airports which are subject to the French Noise Tax calculations and the rates applicable as of 1 January 2025 are:

Modulation Coefficients Table (CM)

The table below determines the final price. Table for main airports (Paris Group / Nantes).

The French Noise Tax group can be assigned to an aircraft in the Admin Panel > Fleet > edit aircraft > SALES tab > ‘French Noise Tax Category’ field

French Noise Tax calculation method

The French Noise Tax calculation method is as follows:

Tax = French Noise Tax rate x log10​(MTOW) × CM

where:

• Airport Base Rate - rate of tax at departure from applicable airport

• log10 - logarithm base 10

• MTOW - Maximum Mass at Take-Off of selected aircraft in kg’s or tonnes according to its certificate/operational data

• CM - factor from the Modulation Coefficients Table based on the Aircraft Noise Group and the time of departure.

EXAMPLES

The examples below show the detailed calculations of the French Noise Tax.

Example 1

Below, the following characteristics are used to calculate the tax:

• Aircraft MTOW is 58.97t, which is rounded up to 59t

• Aircraft French Noise Tax Category - 2

• Aircraft departs from LFPB at 10:00LT:

  • Base rate - €75

  • CM based on the FNT Category - 3

Calculations are as follows:

€75 x log10(59) x 3 = €75 x 1.7708 x 3 = €398.44

Example 2

Below, the following characteristics are used to calculate the tax:

• Aircraft MTOW is 58.97t, which is rounded up to 59t

• Aircraft French Noise Tax Category - 2

• Aircraft departs from LFLL at 10:00LT:

  • Base rate - €0

  • CM based on the FNT Category - 3

Calculations are as follows:

€0 x log10(59) x 3 = €0 x 1.7708 x 3 = €0.00

French Solidarity Tax

French Solidarity Tax applies to all commercial flights departing from an airport situated on French territory (Metropolitan France, French overseas departments and collectivities). The tax is charged per chargeable passenger based on the updated destination bands and travel categories. The tax can be added in the Sales quotation just like the French Civil Aviation Tax.

Destination Bands

• Short-haul: Airports within the European Economic Area (EEA) and countries whose capital’s main airport is less than 1,000 km from CDG (e.g., UK, Switzerland).

• Mid-range: Airports in territories or states that do not fall under Short-haul or Long-haul categories.

• Long-haul: Airports in countries whose capital’s main airport is more than 5,500 km from CDG.

Important: If your flight departs from mainland France, the distance is measured from CDG. However, if you’re flying from a French overseas territory, the distance is measured from the main airport of that territory.

Tax Categories

• Standard: Applies when the service does not fall under other categories

• With Additional Service: Applies when the service does not fall under categories of business aircraft, and at least one flight segment includes onboard services available only at a surcharge.

• Business Aircraft with Turboprop Engines: Applies to non-scheduled flights operated with a turboprop aircraft configured for 19 passengers or fewer.

• Business Aircraft with Turbojet Engines: Applies to non-scheduled flights operated with a turbojet aircraft configured for 19 passengers or fewer.

Reduced Tax Rates

If your flight falls into one of the following categories, you’ll benefit from a reduced Solidarity Tax rate:

• Flights between Corsica and mainland France.

• Flights between mainland France and French overseas territories, or between these territories themselves.

• Public Service Obligation (PSO) flights.

Example 1

See the screen on the right.

The trip consists a flight from France to French Polynesia so the Reduced Tax Rates version is applied. With two PAX on board, 840 EUR is added.

Example 2

See the screen on the right.

The trip consists a flight from France to Argentina so the standard version is applied. With two PAX on board, 4200 EUR is added.

German Aviation Tax

German Aviation Tax is a departure tax on commercial air transport.

It is levied on the carriage, from an aerodrome situated in Germany, of passengers on board fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft.

The amount due per passenger depends on the distance of the biggest commercial airport in the country of destination from Germany’s largest airport, Frankfurt am Main.

Destination bands

The destination airports are divided into 3 bands:

• Group A - listed in Annex 1 as well as the flights within Germany. Domestic flights and flights to countries allocated to the first destination band are taxed at €7.38 per PAX. This will change to €13.03 from April 2020

• Group B - listed in Annex 2. These are countries not listed in Annex 1 and with a distance of not more than 6,000 kilometers including countries in North and Central Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia. A rate of €23.05 applies to PAX flying to countries allocated to the second destination band. This will change to €33.01 from April 2020

• Group C - countries listed in neither Annex 1 nor Annex 2. These are charged at €41.49 per PAX. This will change to €59.43 from April 2020

The abovementioned rates are subject to change every year. The most recent rates are available here

Similar to UK APD TAX, there are 2 stages of GAT calculations.

The first stage is based on a simplified calculation and only takes into consideration the number of PAX leaving Germany and the airport of destination. Based on this data the simplified tax amount is calculated.

Once the PAX names are added, Leon moves on to the second stage of GAT calculation. Based on the PAX names on each flight, Leon compares the names and calculates the tax based on the actual PAX and their final destination.

The recalculation is required. In order to perform the recalculation, you need to:

• Add PAX names to required flights and delete the quote

• Press the ‘SAVE & BACK’ button

• Edit the request again

• Add new quote calculation

• Save the request with the new quote

More information about the ‘German Aviation Tax’ can be found here

Examples

Example 1

Calculations based on PAX number

See screenshot on the right.

The trip consisting of 3 flights starts in EDDB and finishes in DNMM.

In the simplified version of the calculations, we only consider the flights starting in Germany and looking at the destination band and the number of PAX flying. No actual PAX are assigned.

The calculation is as follow:

3 x €7.38 = €22.14

Explanation

• rates for the Germany based airport of departure

• airport of arrival for 3PAX is in Band A (Russian Federation) - the rate of €7.38 per PAX

Calculation based on actual PAX

See screenshot on the right.

The trip starts with 3PAX in EDDB. The same PAX continues from UUWW and the trip finishes with 2of the PAX on the last flight. 1PAX finishes at UUWW.

In such case the calculation is as follow:

2 x €41.49 + 1 x €7.38 = €90.36

Explanation

• 2PAX calculated at ‘Group C’ band (€41.49) because Thailand (VTBS) is the furthest destination from EDDF

• 1PAX calculated at ‘Group A’ band (€7.38) because this PAX left the trip in Russian Federation (UUWW)

Example 2

Calculations based on PAX number

See screenshot on the right.

The trip consisting of 3 flights starts in EDDB and finishes in EDDB.

In the simplified version of the calculations, we only consider the flights starting in Germany and looking at the destination band and the number of PAX flying. No actual PAX are assigned.

The calculation is as follow:

2 x 3 x €7.38 = €44.28

Explanation

• rates for the Germany based airport of departure

• there are 2 flights departing from German airports (EDDB and EDDW) with 3PAX each (6 PAX in total)

• airports of arrival for all 6PAX are in Band A (Germany and Russian Federation) - the rate of €7.38 per PAX

Calculation based on actual PAX

See screenshot on the right.

The trip starts with 3PAX in EDDB. The same 3PAX continues from EDDW to UUWW. 1PAX leaves in UUWW and 2PAX carry on to EDDB.

In such case the calculation is as follow:

3 x €7.38 = €22.14

Explanation

• rates for the Germany based airport of departure

• 3PAX calculated at ‘Group A’ band (€7.38) because the same 3PAX from EDDB carried on from EDDW on the second flight

Example 3

See screenshot on the right.

The trip consisting of 2 flights starts in EDDB and finishes in VTBS.

The trip starts with 0PAX and finishes with 2PAX on the last flight.

In this case, calculations based on PAX number and actual PAX will be the same.

The TAX calculated will amount to €0 because there are no PAX departing from the German airport.

Italian Luxury Tax

This is an additional item available only in the Requests/Quotes section.

‘Italian Luxury Tax’ is only calculated for the flights from and to Italian airports and depending on the number of PAX on each flight and the distance. The distance is calculated using Great Circle Distance + 95km.

The values are as per below:

• €10 per PAX for the flights shorter than 100km

• €100 per PAX for the flights between 100km and 1500km

• €200 per PAX for the flights longer than 1500km

The tax is expressed to be due on “aerotaxi flights”, defined in an implementing directive as passengers’ flights where the aircraft is chartered for its entire capacity. More coherently “aerotaxi flights”, also for the purposes of this tax, should be limited to aircraft having seating capacity non-exceeding 19 passengers.

Example

Trip consists of 3 flights to and from Italy.

Each flight has 3PAX added.

The distance between the airports on 2 of the flights is greater than 1500km and on the 3rd flight - 800km

In such case the calculation is as follow:

(6PAX x €200) + (3PAX x €100) = €1500

Portuguese Carbon Tax

Portuguese Carbon Tax will is calculated for PAX departing from Portugese airports, also for domestic flights.

If an aircraft capacity is > 19 seats - the fee is 2€ per a passenger.

If an aircraft capacity is < 19 seats - the fee is calculated as per Carbon Tax formula: TC x CP x S x (D+1) where:

TC = Tax rate of 2€.

CP = Pollution coefficient of 10.

S = Maximum seating capacity of the aircraft used.

D = Distance in KM divided by 1000 and rounded to the first decimal place.

Example 1

Flight OPO - LTN, an aircraft capacity is 25 PAX.

The calculation is as follow: TC x S where:

TC = 2€

S = 25 seats

So overall 2 x 25 = 50€

Example 2

Flight OPO - LTN, an aircraft capacity is 18 PAX.

The calculation is as follow: TC x CP x S x (D+1) where:

TC = 2€

CP = 10

S = 18 seats

D = 1.3

So overall 2 x 10 x 18 x (1.3 +1) = 360 x 2.3 = 828€

UK Air Passenger Duty Tax

UK Air Passenger Duty Tax (UK APD) applies to trips departing from the UK or Northern Ireland and is based on below criteria:

• Destination bands

• Rate types

• Number of PAX

All the rates and allowances of the UK APD can be found here.

The calculations are performed for the whole trip.

Destination bands

The rates vary depending on whether the trip starts in the UK or Northern Ireland and the airport of destination.

The trips starting in the Scottish Highlands and Island are excluded from UK APD.

There are 2 destination bands:

• Band ‘A’ where the distance from London/Belfast to the destination country’s capital city is between 0 to 2,000 miles

• Band ‘B’ where the distance from London/Belfast to the destination country’s capital city is between 2,001 miles and 5,500 miles

• Band ‘C’ where the distance from London/Belfast to the destination country’s capital city is over 5,500 miles

Additionally, the calculation of UK APD for the trips starting at Northern Ireland take into consideration whether the flight is ‘direct’ or ‘indirect’.

The countries falling into each ‘Destination band’ are listed here

Rate types

There are 3 rates of duty for each destination band depending on the class of travel:

• Reduced rate

• Standard rate

• Higher rate

The rate type can be assigned to the aircraft in the Settings > Fleet > Sales tab of the aircraft edit.

Number of PAX

Duty is charged on each passenger at the rate for the place where their journey ends (their final destination).

There are 2 stages od UKAPD tax calculations.

The first stage is based on a simplified calculation and only takes into consideration the number of PAX leaving UK and the airport of destination. Based on this data the simplified tax amount is calculated.

Once the PAX names are added, Leon moves on to the second stage of UKAPD tax calculation. Based on the PAX names on each flight, Leon compares the names and calculates the tax based on the actual PAX and their final destination.

The recalculation is required. In order to perform the recalculation, you need to:

• Add PAX names to required flights and delete the quote

• Press the ‘SAVE & BACK’ button

• Edit the request again

• Add new quote calculation

• Save the request with the new quote

If the journey is made of one flight the final destination is where that flight ends. If the journey includes more than one flight, and the flights are connected, the final destination is where the last flight ends and is not followed by a connected flight.

Examples

Example 1 - UK

Calculations based on PAX number

See screenshot on the right.

The trip consisting of 3 flights starts in EGGW and finishes in KJFK.

The aircraft is of higher rate type.

In the simplified version of the calculations, we only consider the flights starting in the UK and looking at the destination band and the number of PAX flying. No actual PAX are assigned.

The calculation is as follow:

3 x GBP78 = GBP234

Explanation

• rates for the UK based airport of departure

• airport of arrival for 3PAX is in Band A (Russian Federation) and higher class aircraft - the rate of GBP78 per PAX

Calculation based on actual PAX

See screenshot on the right.

The trip consisting of 3 flights starts in EGGW and finishes in KJFK.

The trip starts with 3PAX and finishes with 2 of the initial PAX on the last flight. 1PAX finishes at EPWA.

The aircraft is of a higher rate type.

In such case the calculation is as follow:

2 x GBP515 + 1 x GBP78 = GBP1108

Explanation

• rates for the UK based airport of departure

• airport of arrival for 2PAX is in Band B (USA) and higher class aircraft - the rate of GBP515 per PAX

• airport of arrival for 1PAX is in Band A (Poland) and higher class aircraft - the rate of GBP78 per PAX

• 2PAX arrived at the destination in Band B and 1PAX at destination in Band A

Example 2 - Northern Ireland

Calculations based on PAX number

See screenshot on the right.

The trip consisting of 3 flights starts in EGAA and finishes in KJFK.

The aircraft is of a higher rate type.

In the simplified version of the calculations, we only consider the flights starting in Northern Ireland and looking at the destination band and the number of PAX flying. No actual PAX are assigned.

The calculation is as follow:

2 x GBP78 = GBP156

Explanation

• rates for Northern Ireland based airport of departure

• airport of arrival for 2PAX is in Band A (Russian Federation) and higher class aircraft - the rate of GBP78 per PAX

Calculation based on actual PAX

See screenshot on the right.

The trip consisting of 3 flights starts in EGAA and finishes in KJFK.

The trip starts with 2PAX and finishes with 3PAX on the last 2 flights.

The aircraft is of a higher rate type.

In such case the calculation is as follow:

2 x GBP515 = GBP1030

Explanation

• rates for Northern Ireland based airport of departure

• airport of arrival is in Band B (USA) and higher class aircraft - the rate of GBP515 per PAX for indirect flights

• 3PAX arrived at the destination: 2PAX arrived in Band B country and 1PAX is not charged for

US Passenger Taxes

Commercial flights arriving in the US from abroad are subject to two types of passenger taxes:

1. Customs Air Passenger User Fee (CUF)

2. Immigration Air Passenger User Fee (IUF)

Air Passenger User Fees are only levied on commercial flights arriving in the US from abroad. Commercial flights are flights where passengers are carried for compensation on board civilian aircraft

Rates

The default rates for both taxes are as follows:

• CUF - $6.52 per PAX

• IUF - $7.00 per PAX

Exemptions

The following flight categories are exempted:

• Non-commercial flights

• Flights arriving from U.S. territories and possessions, such as American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands

Examples

Below are two examples of tax calculations

Example 1

See the screen on the right.

The trip consists of numerous flights arriving in the USA.

Calculations are as follows

• CUF - 3 x $6.52 = $19.56

• IUF - 3 x $7.00 = $21.00

Explanation

• 3 flights arriving in the USA

• Only one is subject to the CUF and IUF tax calculations - EPWA - KJFK

• Two other flights do not qualify: KJFK - KMIA is within the USA and TJSJ - KJFK arrives in the USA from the US territory

Example 2

See the screen on the right.

The trip consists of numerous flights arriving in the USA.

Calculations are as follows

• CUF - 6 x $6.52 = $39.12

• IUF - 6 x $7.00 = $42.00

Explanation

• Two flights arriving in the USA and both are subject to the CUF and IUF tax calculations as they arrive from abroad - EPWA - KJFK and CYYZ - LJFK

‘US Segment Tax’

US Segment Tax is calculated for any PAX arriving in the US, departing from the US, and flying domestically within the US.

Calculation of the ‘US Segment Tax’ are as per below:

US Segment Tax = PAX x RATE

where:

• PAX - number of PAX arriving in the US, departing from the US, and flying domestically within the US

• RATE - rate per PAX for 2023 is $4.80 and for 2024 is $5.00

Example

The presented schedule consists of 5 flights, 3 of which are subject to the ‘US Segment Tax’ calculations:

• KMIA - CYYZ - 3 PAX

• CYYZ - KJFK - 2 PAX

• KJFK - KBOS - 2 PAX

The rate for the flights in 2024 is $5.00.

Based on the above, the calculations are as follows:

(3+2+2) x $5.00 = 7 x $5.00 = $35.00